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Russia is the industrially-agrarian country with the diversified industry and agriculture. A share of the industry in gross national product is of 37%, agriculture — 8%. Russia possesses the greatest in the world in potential of mineral resources. On coal, iron ores, potash salts, phosphoric raw material the share of Russia reaches or exceeds 30%. It is accounted10-20% for ores rare, colour and precious metals, 15–17% for oil, up to 14% for iron ores, 5–6% for coal and 30% for world extraction of natural gas. Leading place in fuel and energy balance and export of raw material is taken with oil and natural gas. Russia is the largest exporter of the electric power, on its manufacture takes the fourth place in the world after the USA, China and Japan. Russia has large black (the fourth place in the world on manufacture of steel) and nonferrous metallurgy (Brotherly and Krasnoyarsk aluminium factories are largest in the world), diversified mechanical engineering, the powerful chemical and petrochemical industry, significant pulp-and-paper, light and the food-processing industry. There is the powerful armament -industrial complex in Russia, the nuclear industry is developed. Russia is one of the largest manufacturers of the foodstuffs in the world. It takes the fourth place in the world on manufacture of grain and leguminous (after China, the USA and India); on manufacture of barley of an oats also neigh it takes first place in the world. Russia also in manufacture of flax and a potato is in the lead. In structure of agriculture about 55% accounts for a share of production of plant growing. The basic agricultural crops are: grain, a sugar beet, sunflower, a potato, vegetables, flax. The animal industry of various directions is developed. The greatest value the meat-and-milk cattle breeding and meat-and-wool have sheep breeding. The basic seaports are: on Black sea — Novorossisk, Tuapse, on Baltic sea — St.-Petersburg, Kaliningrad, by the White sea — Arkhangelsk, on Barents sea — Murmansk, in the Far East — Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vanino. The major units of aviamessages are: Moscow, St.-Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, Adler, and Mineral Waters. Leading clauses of export are oil and mineral oil, natural gas, wood, black and nonferrous metals, mineral fertilizers, machines and the equipment, arms. The country imports: the machine and the equipment, vehicles, the foodstuffs, chemical production, the consumer industrial goods. The basic trading partners of Russia are the EU countries (first of all Germany), the CIS, the USA, China. |
